Variations in soil micro-food web characteristics under changing environments can exert profound consequences on soil multifunctionality. However, the intrinsic relationship between these changes and their dependence on long-term environmental factors remains largely unquantified. Here, we investigated the soil micro-food web attributes (i.e., multitrophic diversity, multitrophic composition and network complexity) and multiple types of soil functions (soil multifunctionality) along an elevation gradient on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that elevation significantly affected the multitrophic composition, and multitrophic diversity, soil micro-food web complexity and soil multifunctionality exhibited a similar single hump-shaped pattern with increasing elevation. Compared to multitrophic composition and multitrophic diversity, the soil micro-food web complexity was significantly and positively correlated with soil multifunctionality and was of greater importance in regulating soil multifunctionality. However, multitrophic composition and multitrophic diversity indirectly driven soil multifunctionality through soil micro-food web complexity. This empirical evidence demonstrates that soil micro-food web complexity is a better predictor of soil functions than the multitrophic composition and diversity metrics that have been commonly used in previous studies. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the perceived importance of soil micro-food web complexity in regulating soil multifunctionality in forests under changing environments.