科学家揭开大豆果实不裂之谜
来源:《自然—通讯》
作者:王印政等
时间:2014-05-12
日前,中科院植物所研究员王印政团队首次报道了栽培大豆果实不裂的分子调控机制。相关研究在《自然—通讯》上发表。
据介绍,野大豆果实自然开裂,会使种子过早散落,不利于收获,这也是造成大豆减产的主要原因。但我国先民在漫长的选择和驯化等农业活动中改变了这一性状,产生了现在果实不裂的栽培大豆。
王印政团队针对栽培大豆果实裂荚抗性这一关键驯化性状展开了全面而深入的研究。结果发现,野大豆果实腹缝线处的纤维帽细胞具有关键作用。当果实成熟时,这些细胞随之破裂,使两个果瓣裂开。而栽培大豆中,纤维帽细胞有6~8层并且细胞壁剧烈加厚。当果实成熟时,酶的分解和机械张力都很难使这些细胞破裂,两个果瓣也就不会在自然状况下裂开。
纤维帽细胞的细胞壁受到至少一个基因的控制,而这个基因的活动又被一个叫作抑制子的部件控制着。王印政团队找到了相关基因以及它的抑制子,并发现我国先民在大豆的选择过程中,将这个抑制子彻底破坏掉了,使得该基因的活动不受限制,造成纤维帽细胞的细胞壁剧烈增厚,最终导致两个果瓣不能自然裂开。
从20世纪90年代以来,人们一直在利用多种技术试图找到这个基因,以便在现代分子育种中利用该基因实现大豆增产,但均未取得突破。
王印政介绍,大豆中发现的果实不裂是一种全新的分子调控机制,该基因和相关调控机制有望应用于豆类作物的品种改良和大豆的分子育种过程。(来源:中国科学报 丁佳)
Pod shattering resistance associated with domestication is mediated
by a NAC gene in soybean
Abstract Loss of seed dispersal is a key agronomical trait targeted by ancient human selection and has been regarded as a milestone of crop domestication. In this study, in the legume crop soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. which provides vegetable oils and proteins for humans, we show that the key cellular feature of the shattering-resistant trait lies in the excessively lignified fibre cap cells (FCC) with the abscission layer unchanged in the pod ventral suture. We demonstrate that a NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) gene SHATTERING1-5 (SHAT1-5) functionally activates secondary wall biosynthesis and promotes the significant thickening of FCC secondary walls by expression at 15-fold the level of the wild allele, which is attributed to functional disruption of the upstream repressor. We show that strong artificial selection of SHAT1-5 has caused a severe selective sweep across ~116 kb on chromosome 16. This locus and regulation mechanism could be applicable to legume crop improvement.
原文链接: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140219/ncomms4352/full/ncomms4352.html