研究人员发现，吃芒果或可防止高脂肪饮食造成肠道有益细菌损失，进而预防II型糖尿病。美国俄克拉荷马州立大学科学家选取６０只小鼠做实验，将它们分为４组，给其中一些小鼠的饮食中添加芒果。１２周的实验结束后，研究人员发现，饮食中添加芒果的小鼠所损失的有益肠道细菌最少。进食高脂肪饮食通常会造成这些细菌数量减少，而这些细菌有助预防肥胖症和II型糖尿病。

“这一动物实验结果显示，在饮食中添加芒果或许有助维护肠道健康及有益细菌的水平，”研究领头人艾卓林·卢卡斯说。研究结果发表在最新一期美国《营养科学杂志》月刊上。

之前研究显示，芒果富含维生素、矿物质和抗氧化剂等成分，有益人体健康，但这种热带水果对人体肠道菌群的影响却鲜有研究。研究人员说，同样的实验结果能否在人体复制尚待研究。

Mango Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production Independent of Body Weight Reduction in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Abstract  Background: High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. Fiber and other bioactive compounds in plant-based foods are suggested to prevent gut dysbiosis brought on by HF feeding. Mango is high in fiber and has been reported to have anti-obesogenic, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of freeze-dried mango pulp combined with an HF diet on the cecal microbial population and its relation to body composition, lipids, glucose parameters, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut inflammatory markers in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Methods: Six-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatment groups: control (AIN-93M, 10% fat kcal), HF (60% fat kcal), and HF + 1% or 10% mango (HF+1%M or HF+10%M, wt:wt) for 12 wk. The cecal microbial population was assessed by use of 16S rDNA sequencing. Body composition, plasma glucose and lipids, cecal and fecal SCFAs, and mRNA abundance of inflammatory markers in the ileum and colonic lamina propria were assessed.

Results: Compared with the control group, HF feeding significantly reduced (P < 0.05) 1 operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of the genus Bifidobacteria (64-fold) and 5 OTUs of the genus Akkermansia (≥16-fold). This reduction was prevented in the HF+10%M group, members of which had 10% higher final body weight compared with the HF group (P = 0.01) and similar fasting blood glucose concentrations (P = 0.24). The HF+10%M group had 135% (P = 0.004) and 133% (P< 0.0001) greater fecal acetic and n-butyric acids concentrations than the HF group, suggesting greater microbial fermentation. Furthermore, a 59% greater colonic interleukin 10 (Il10) gene expression was observed in the HF+10%M group than in the HF group (P = 0.048), indicating modulation of gut inflammation. The HF+1%M group generally did not differ from the HF group.

Conclusions: The addition of mango to an HF diet modulated the gut microbiota and production of SCFAs in C57BL/6 mice; these changes may improve gut tolerance to the insult of an HF diet.

原文链接：http://jn.nutrition.org/content/146/8/1483.full.pdf+html