上海生科院等发现中药石菖蒲及其活性成分促进成体神经发生
来源:《Aging Cell》
时间:2015/06/08
5月25日,国际学术期刊Aging Cell在线发表了中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所裴钢研究组的最新研究成果A herbal medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and its active constituents promote neural progenitor proliferation,报道了传统中药石菖蒲及其活性成份细辛醚促进神经干细胞增殖和神经发生的作用及其分子机制,提示了对抗衰老及疾病相关的神经退行性病变的新策略。
神经干细胞可以自我更新、增殖和分化,产生神经组织的各种细胞。神经元从神经干细胞产生的过程被称为神经发生。成年哺乳动物大脑中存在神经干细胞,神经发生持续于整个生命过程,对认知功能、脑损伤修复等起到重要作用。在衰老、长期压力刺激或者神经系统病变的过程中,神经干细胞的增殖和自我更新水平下降,神经发生受阻,加速了认知功能的受损。一直以来,科学家都在寻求通过促进神经干细胞自我更新和神经发生的有效手段来对抗衰老及神经退行性疾病相关的认知障碍。已有研究证明通过移植胚胎神经干细胞或者体外诱导的神经干细胞能够改善小鼠的学习记忆能力,但是这一技术在人体的应用还需解决包括细胞来源和细胞功能性整合等问题。而另一方面,利用药理学手段激活内源的神经干细胞以达到治疗神经退行性疾病的目的,简单易行,并且可以利用药物的特异性实现针对性功能干预和补偿,是有望替代体内移植的新方法。
中国传统药物中有许多已经确认有益智作用,其中一些中药来源的天然化合物已报道可以在体外系统中促进神经发生,提示了这些中药益智作用的可能机制。中药石菖蒲主治老年痴呆、健忘、中风等大脑疾病,在中药复方中常作为“君”药。在裴钢和赵简的指导下,博士研究生毛坚鑫和黄世超等发现石菖蒲及其活性成分细辛醚能够促进体神经干细胞增殖和神经发生。成年小鼠、年老小鼠以及转基因老年痴呆症模型小鼠口服石菖蒲后,海马神经干细胞增殖和神经发生水平明显增强,从而改善年老小鼠和老年痴呆症小鼠的认知能力。进一步的机制研究发现,石菖蒲及其组分细辛醚能够通过调控ERK蛋白激酶的级联反应直接促进神经干细胞增殖和神经发生。这一研究表明,石菖蒲及其主要成分细辛醚可以用于防治衰老及疾病相关的神经退行及相关的再生性治疗。(来源:中国科学院上海生命科学研究院)
A herbal medicine for Alzheimer's disease and its active constituents promote neural progenitor proliferation
Abstract Aberrant neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and self-renewal have been linked to age-related neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rhizoma Acori tatarinowii is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine against cognitive decline. In this study, we found that the extract of Rhizoma Acori tatarinowii (AT) and its active constituents, asarones, promote NPC proliferation. Oral administration of AT enhanced NPC proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampi of adult and aged mice as well as that of transgenic AD model mice. AT and its fractions also enhanced the proliferation of NPCs cultured in vitro. Further analysis identified α-asarone and β-asarone as the two active constituents of AT in promoting neurogenesis. Our mechanistic study revealed that AT and asarones activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not Akt, two critical kinase cascades for neurogenesis. Consistently, the inhibition of ERK activities effectively blocked the enhancement of NPC proliferation by AT or asarones. Our findings suggest that AT and asarones, which can be orally administrated, could serve as preventive and regenerative therapeutic agents to promote neurogenesis against age-related neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders.
原文链接:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12356/pdf